How To Get Away with Cheating

In India, examination papers can be traded, much like government secrets. You just have to know the right names in the business - and be prepared to pay the price.

 

The NEET-UG paper leak is the latest red mark in the country’s scam tainted exam verse. The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate) or NEET (UG), formerly the All India Pre-Medical Test (AIPMT), is an Indian nationwide entrance examination conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) for admission in undergraduate medical programs. It is one of the most important examinations in India.

 

To say paper leaks are a common occurrence in India would probably be an understatement. There are a couple every year or so. Important exams such as the Indian Army’s Common Entrance Examination, the Central Teachers’ Eligibility Test (CTET) 2023, and Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Mains 2021 have all been subject to leaks. According to India Today, there have been 65 paper leaks in India since 2019.

 

The kingpin of the recent NEET-UG is behind bars and accomplices are being nabbed one by one in what seems to be straight out of the pages of a crime thriller. There are reports of the examination papers being stolen from a trunk.  

 

Wouldn’t it have been better if all these sophisticated investigation techniques to catch the perpetrators were put to use before the examinations were planned and conducted? Considering leaks are common, we should have been able to come up with a foolproof system by now. The Indian Institutes of Management were able to do it after the Common Admission Test leak in 2003.

 

How long till another mastermind is created and another leak springs forth? There have been cries for a complete overhaul of the examination framework and switching to an online format. But online examinations are not without their share of glitches. Plus there is ChatGPT and an entire army cyber criminals to worry about.  In a country where 45 per cent do not access the internet (IAMAI-Kantar study, 2023), online exams would put the sizeable rural population at a disadvantage yet again.

 

What then is the solution? Tackle the rot, dismantle the framework and put proper safeguards in place? Or lie low for a while till the current outrage becomes yesterday’s news and wait for the next leak?

Foreign universities in India: Looking a GIFT horse in the mouth?

GIFT City, Gujarat: pic courtesy: Jay Soni (Unsplash)

The stage is finally set for foreign universities establish campuses in India.
 
The University Grants Commission (UGC), has set up a committee that will facilitate their entry. According to reports in the media, the universities will be permitted to operate from GIFT city in Gandhinagar to offer post-graduate and executive programmes in financial services and technology. They will not have to follow domestic rules. Which indicates that local education regulators such as UGC and AICTE will not supervise them and they might be allowed to make and repatriate profit.
 
Now all of this sounds very promising and if it does come through, it will be a huge step in the right direction. Over the years, attempts to open up India’s higher education space to international universities have been a series of hits and misses. In 1995, the then government drafted the Foreign Education Bill which was ultimately shelved. In 2006, there was another bid to allow foreign universities into India but the draft law was not approved. Finally, in 2010 the UPA-2 government brought the Foreign Educational Institutions Bill which ultimately lapsed in 2014 when the political regime changed.
 
International colleges and universities have been collaborating with Indian educational institutions since the early 1990s when government regulations did not, allow foreign institutes to set up campuses in India or, recognize foreign degrees awarded in India. Collaborations were inked to help foreign institutes market their programs in India through a local partner, participate in student and faculty exchanges as well as lend their expertise. Collaborations ranged from twinning agreements, joint faculty and staff exchange programs to support in curriculum design and pedagogy. 
 
So what does the new mandate mean for foreign universities keen to set foot into the Indian market?

“This will open new opportunities for Indian universities for collaborative research in emerging areas such as finance and technology. To facilitate such collaborations, UGC will work with Indian universities and provide the necessary assistance,” UGC Chairman M Jagadesh Kumar told Moneycontrol.
 
Foreign universities opening campuses will boost internationalisation and exchange of students and faculty. The National Education Policy 2020 gives a green signal to foreign universities interested in setting up shop in India and domestic institutes to establish campuses abroad. Through all this, the government hopes to reduce the foreign exchange outflow by bringing overseas education to India.
 
But the entire study abroad experience for Indian students involves living in a foreign country. Will the GIFT experience be able to provide that? 
 
Only time will tell.

 

India's EdTech Boom: Boon or Bane?

 

The pandemic has catapulted India’s EdTech industry into the big league. Even as I write this post, an EdTech startup is probably being birthed in some part of India. Currently, there are more than 4500 EdTech companies in the country and the industry, valued at US$ 750 million in 2020, is expected to reach US$ 4 billion by 2025 at a CAGR of 39.77%.

No small figure, this. In fact it was the coronavirus pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns that fuelled India’s EdTech boom. Schools and educational institutions had to switch to online learning with physical campuses being off limits. Tech-enabled learning became a winning proposition and more startups jumped onto the EdTech bandwagon. Right now, Byju’s is one of the leading companies followed by Unacademy, UpGrad, Toppr, Next Education, Meritnation among others.

I’d interviewed Byju Raveendran in 2016, a year after he had launched his company. He had explained that “online learning is not offline learning taken online by simply digitizing content. There is a lot of scope for technology to make learning better and more efficient.” Be that as it may, the real test of technology lies in whether it can improve the lives of people. And while urban India has clearly benefited from tech-enabled learning, have rural and underserved areas been able to make the switch smoothly?
 
A villager in Himachal Pradesh was forced to sell his cow as he didn’t have the money to afford a mobile phone for his children’s online lessons. His plight moved many to tears on social media and there was an outpouring of help to fund his children’s education.
 
Aishwarya Reddy, a mathematics student of Lady Shri Ram College for Women in Delhi was not so fortunate. She died by suicide recently as she couldn’t afford a laptop for her studies. The instalment of her scholarship that was due in March had been delayed and the student did not want to trouble her family for money. A resident of the Rangareddy district in Telangana, she was the state class 12 examination topper and had mortgaged her house to fund her higher education.
 
Out of the 1.26 billion children worldwide out of school due to the pandemic, over 320 million are in India. With a population of over 1 billion, the government has a challenging task in ensuring universal elementary education. While there has been an increase in the number of educational institutes in the country, especially over the last few years, the problem of literacy in rural areas and among the female population still remains unsolved.
 
Even though the government’s National Education Policy 2020 stresses on the importance of leveraging technology in education solutions and supporting creation of content in regional languages, it remains to be seen whether these firms will help bridge the digital divide effectively. 

According to the IAMAI-Kantar ICUBE 2020 report, India had 622 million active internet users in 2020. This number is expected to increase by 45% to reach 900 million by 2025, due to higher adoption rates in rural India. Small towns in India account for two out of five active internet users in the country. Urban population comprises 67% of active internet users.

According to the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2020, smartphone ownership among government school student families increased from 30% in 2018 to 56% in 2020, whereas smartphone ownership  among private school student families rose from 50% to 74%.
 
While these statistics present a hopeful picture, clearly a lot more ground needs to be covered to make sure access to education (and tech-enabled education) is equitable. Whether the EdTech phenomenon can deliver on its promises remains to be seen.

For now, firms such as Byju’s are weighed down by controversies regarding hard sells, prohibitive fees that only the upper crust can afford and toxic work culture. The need of the hour is effective regulation so that the benefits of this boom trickle down to the bottom where it is needed the most.